黄热病黄热病

黄热病是种由虫媒病毒引起的人畜共患疾病。它与其他病毒型出血热（如登革热症、拉沙热症等）的临床特征相同。病情严重的患者表现为黄疸出血（如呕吐黑物、鼻出血、黑便等）、蛋白尿、无尿、休克、情绪激动、恍惚及昏迷。一般来说，在黄热病出现的五到十天内会导致死亡。

黄热病如何传播？

黄热病在热带美洲和非洲的猴子和其他脊椎动物中多发，并由一些种类的库蚊传播给人类。目前，黄热病的传播几乎完全发生在撒哈拉以南的非洲和南美洲地区。

在严重的情况下，黄热病死亡率可能达到80％。官方要求，任何前往或居住在南美洲和非洲且年龄大于九个月以上的人群都应接种黄热病疫苗。这是国际卫生条例（WHO）对于前往流行病地区/国家旅行者的要求。

Laboratory diagnostic tests are not perfect and are not 100% accurate

We do not have a test for every disease or virus but most of those pathogens that are of public health importance or have long term implications on your health can be tested
No one single test can be used with absolute certainty to diagnose a disease. Often, we depend on a combination of tests to make a diagnosis
Sometimes, we have to resort to trial treatment or empiric treatment if investigative tests are inconclusive. If the patient makes a therapeutic response and feels better, we have achieved our goal
In PUO, we are looking for treatable causes and to rule out sinister causes eg. malignancies so that we do not miss opportunities for early treatment or intervention